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Calculating The Intrinsic Value Of IPH Limited (ASX:IPH)

Does the April share price for IPH Limited (ASX:IPH) reflect what it's really worth? Today, we will estimate the stock's intrinsic value by taking the expected future cash flows and discounting them to today's value. I will be using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. It may sound complicated, but actually it is quite simple!

Remember though, that there are many ways to estimate a company's value, and a DCF is just one method. If you want to learn more about discounted cash flow, the rationale behind this calculation can be read in detail in the Simply Wall St analysis model.

See our latest analysis for IPH

What's the value?

We are going to use a two-stage DCF model, which, as the name states, takes into account two stages of growth. The first stage is generally a higher growth period which levels off heading towards the terminal value, captured in the second 'steady growth' period. In the first stage we need to estimate the cash flows to the business over the next ten years. Where possible we use analyst estimates, but when these aren't available we extrapolate the previous free cash flow (FCF) from the last estimate or reported value. We assume companies with shrinking free cash flow are will slow their rate of shrinkage, and that companies with growing free cash flow will see their growth rate slow, over this period. We do this to reflect that growth tends to slow more in the early years than it does in later years.

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A DCF is all about the idea that a dollar in the future is less valuable than a dollar today, so we discount the value of these future cash flows to their estimated value in today's dollars:

10-year free cash flow (FCF) estimate

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

Levered FCF (A$, Millions)

AU$56.2

AU$61.9

AU$67.7

AU$72.4

AU$76.5

AU$80.0

AU$83.1

AU$86.0

AU$88.6

AU$91.2

Growth Rate Estimate Source

Analyst x2

Analyst x3

Analyst x3

Est @ 6.96%

Est @ 5.57%

Est @ 4.59%

Est @ 3.91%

Est @ 3.43%

Est @ 3.09%

Est @ 2.86%

Present Value (A$, Millions) Discounted @ 7.79%

AU$52.1

AU$53.3

AU$54.1

AU$53.7

AU$52.6

AU$51.0

AU$49.2

AU$47.2

AU$45.1

AU$43.0

Present Value of 10-year Cash Flow (PVCF)= A$501.19m

"Est" = FCF growth rate estimated by Simply Wall St

After calculating the present value of future cash flows in the intial 10-year period, we need to calculate the Terminal Value, which accounts for all future cash flows beyond the first stage. For a number of reasons a very conservative growth rate is used that cannot exceed that of a country's GDP growth. In this case we have used the 10-year government bond rate (2.3%) to estimate future growth. In the same way as with the 10-year 'growth' period, we discount future cash flows to today's value, using a cost of equity of 7.8%.

Terminal Value (TV) = FCF2029 × (1 + g) ÷ (r – g) = AU$91m × (1 + 2.3%) ÷ (7.8% – 2.3%) = AU$1.7b

Present Value of Terminal Value (PVTV) = TV / (1 + r)10 = A$AU$1.7b ÷ ( 1 + 7.8%)10 = A$803.47m

The total value, or equity value, is then the sum of the present value of the future cash flows, which in this case is A$1.30b. To get the intrinsic value per share, we divide this by the total number of shares outstanding. This results in an intrinsic value estimate of A$6.61. Compared to the current share price of A$6.83, the company appears around fair value at the time of writing. Remember though, that this is just an approximate valuation, and like any complex formula - garbage in, garbage out.

ASX:IPH Intrinsic value, April 22nd 2019
ASX:IPH Intrinsic value, April 22nd 2019

Important assumptions

Now the most important inputs to a discounted cash flow are the discount rate, and of course, the actual cash flows. Part of investing is coming up with your own evaluation of a company's future performance, so try the calculation yourself and check your own assumptions. The DCF also does not consider the possible cyclicality of an industry, or a company's future capital requirements, so it does not give a full picture of a company's potential performance. Given that we are looking at IPH as potential shareholders, the cost of equity is used as the discount rate, rather than the cost of capital (or weighted average cost of capital, WACC) which accounts for debt. In this calculation we've used 7.8%, which is based on a levered beta of 0.920. Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility, compared to the market as a whole. We get our beta from the industry average beta of globally comparable companies, with an imposed limit between 0.8 and 2.0, which is a reasonable range for a stable business.

Next Steps:

Although the valuation of a company is important, it shouldn’t be the only metric you look at when researching a company. The DCF model is not a perfect stock valuation tool. Rather it should be seen as a guide to "what assumptions need to be true for this stock to be under/overvalued?" If a company grows at a different rate, or if its cost of equity or risk free rate changes sharply, the output can look very different. For IPH, I've compiled three pertinent aspects you should further research:

  1. Financial Health: Does IPH have a healthy balance sheet? Take a look at our free balance sheet analysis with six simple checks on key factors like leverage and risk.

  2. Future Earnings: How does IPH's growth rate compare to its peers and the wider market? Dig deeper into the analyst consensus number for the upcoming years by interacting with our free analyst growth expectation chart.

  3. Other High Quality Alternatives: Are there other high quality stocks you could be holding instead of IPH? Explore our interactive list of high quality stocks to get an idea of what else is out there you may be missing!

PS. The Simply Wall St app conducts a discounted cash flow valuation for every stock on the ASX every day. If you want to find the calculation for other stocks just search here.

We aim to bring you long-term focused research analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material.

If you spot an error that warrants correction, please contact the editor at editorial-team@simplywallst.com. This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. Simply Wall St has no position in the stocks mentioned. Thank you for reading.